📝 Citation to Footnote Converter
Convert APA, MLA, Chicago & Turabian citations into properly formatted footnotes instantly
| Style | Book Format | Journal Format | Ibid Allowed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago 17th | First Last, Title (Place: Publisher, Year), p. | First Last, “Title,” Journal Vol (Year): p. | Yes |
| Turabian 9th | First Last, Title (Place: Publisher, Year), p. | First Last, “Title,” Journal Vol (Year): p. | Yes |
| MLA 9th | Last, First. Title. Publisher, Year, p. | Last, First. “Title.” Journal, vol., year, p. | No |
| APA 7th | Last, F. (Year). Title. Publisher. p. | Last, F. (Year). Title. Journal, vol(issue), p. | No |
| Situation | Latin Term | Usage | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immediately repeated, same page | Ibid. | Replace full citation | Ibid., 47. |
| Immediately repeated, new page | Ibid. | Add new page number | Ibid., 52. |
| Non-consecutive repeat | Short form | Author + short title + page | Smith, Rome, 45. |
| Same page, same source | Loc. cit. | Rare in modern use | Smith, loc. cit. |
| Previously cited work | Op. cit. | Largely obsolete | Smith, op. cit., 45. |
| Source Type | Required Fields | Optional Fields | Page Ref? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Book | Author, Title, Publisher, Year | Place, Edition, Volume | Yes |
| Journal Article | Author, Article Title, Journal, Year | Volume, Issue, DOI | Yes |
| Book Chapter | Author, Chapter Title, Editor, Book Title | Place, Publisher | Yes |
| Website | Author, Page Title, Site Name, URL | Date accessed | No |
| Thesis | Author, Title, Degree, Institution, Year | Database/URL | Yes |
citation converters simply are programs that takes your references and change them from one format to another. In Paperpile you find special tools for format, that helps to copy and paste whole bibliography and turn it between various styles. For example from APA to MLA or convert PMID-format in Excel.
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That is a real miracle when your teacher suddenly wants another style of citation than that, for that you already spent many hours preparing.
Simple tools to make and change citations
Besides simply converting, many citation programs now self generate citation from nothing. A browser extension allows you to cite almost any page or article by means of one tap… It automatically pulls the title, authors, date of publication and all other needed parts for creating a reliable citation.
MyBib works similarly, producing precise citation for books, newspapers, websites and even videos, only searching the title or adding an identifier like URL or ISBN.
There are a lot of free options available. Citation Machine helps students and workers give right credit to their sources, backing mainstream styles like APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian and Harvard, without needing money. It generates citation in thousands of diffrent formats and right away prepares your bibliography.
Actually, commonly it is enough simply the title of the article or book. Besides that, other free tools produce solid citation and complete bibliographies for APA, Chicago, Harvard and MLA, together with more than 10 000 other styles, and without ads, installs or need of account.
Some generators focus on particular styles. One of them really cares about citation in IEEE-style with high accuracy. Wordvice created a generator, that covers APA 6 and 7, MLA 7 and 8, Chicago 17th and Vancouver in one place.
There is also a generator four APA, that is regularly updated to the 7th edition, and it works by means of entering a website URL, ISBN of book or research by means of keywords.
Grammarly rolled out its generator for citation with help of writing specialists. It is without ads and uses the freshest versions of APA, MLA and the Chicago Manual of Style. Citefast is another reliable free option, that handles APA, MLA and Chicago, and it quickly prepares references, bibliographies, citation inside text and even title pages by means of one tap.
On the other hand, generators for citation commonly make mistakes. If you do not know how to prepare citation yourself, spotting those mistakes becomes almost impossible. Scribbr helps with that, checking your citation inside text and references for mistakes and gaps, they use artificial intelligence or hire human specialists.
Some programs really handle separate cases. In some generators you can enter DOI by means of typing or pasting and choose the wanted style from a list (Chicago, IEEE, or whatever you need). Citationsy allows you to add a direct link and get all citation info.
Google Docs has built-in citation, that quietly improved during the time. Worth mentioning Zotero also, and its simpler version ZoteroBib works as a single tool for citation. Guides about citation with clear samples and step by step instructions for formatting papers, footnote bibliographies, pages with citation and citation insidetext are available everywhere.
